Thursday 15 July 2010

Analysis of 3 soaps

Hollyoaks- The loft fire trailer 2009







The clip begins with a mid shot on Warren this straight away tells the audience that the storyline is based around him, then there is a close up on the paper which says 'Murderer' so within the first three seconds the trailer hints at Warrens past story lines and explains why characters are after him. The over the shoulder shot then denotes Sascha's facial expressions worried and angry, she is wearing a pink top the signifier pink can be signified as feminine and innocent. All of the females throughout the trailer are in pink or white this contrasts with the extreme close up of the females cleavage wearing a red top. The red connotes passion, death and love. This close up shot of her cleavage which is part of Laura Mulvey's Male Gaze theory as the women is seen as a sexual object through the shot of her cleavage rather than a real person. The theme love is seen in the low angle shot of Justin and Hannah as they are hugging, the theme love could then be seen as a cause for the fire.


The trailer goes against Todorov's theory of equilibrium as the trailer doesn't begin with a state of equilibrium as it starts with the clue to the storyline with murderer on the paper, this is a disruption of equilibrium, however, the low shot of Hannah and Justin hugging could be seen as a state of equilibrium. The editing mixes up the theory making the audience more active as some characters like Hannah and Justin seem unaware of the murder story which draws connotations to them being innocent.

When the clip begins there is under laying non diegetic music which is deep and dull creating a fearsome mood. Then the close up on the record with lighting which denotes red, red connotes death and danger however the non diegetic music played sounds upbeat and joyful creating a contrasting mood. However the lyrics in the song are ironic ' no where to run' this tells the audience that Warren will be caught and dealt with.


All the transitions used throughout the trailer are fade to blacks this type of editing keeps this eerie, dangerous atmosphere of the trailer which draws connotations to the dark side of some characters and the depression that the fire will lead to making every one's lives dull and dark.



The majority of the men in the trailer are in black this connotes suspicion and secrecy, which is a theme in the trailer. Also this negative colour of the costume could outline them to fit 'The Villain' character that is from Propp's theory.

The short conversation clips between characters builds tension and displays more emotions from characters this then makes the audience question who could be the murderer. This is an experimental fractured narrative where the audience have to piece together the story, the type of audience that would be interested in this type of narrative would be appeal to audience members in the demographic groups B, C1 and C2.

There is two lots of titles used half way through there is block red bold title saying 'Hell hath no fury' this builds tension. Also the final clip on the trailer is the title of the name of the soap, when its on and the website for the channel it is on. The narrator also tells the audience when its on and what channel, the use of narrator gives the trailer a serious tone, which would make the viewer feel threatened by the events shown in the trailer. Also the narrator is from the perspective of a viewer as they are not part of the soap therefore as the viewer is being spoken to by the narrator they would gain a sense of belonging which Denis McQuail states is important in the Personal identity section of Uses and Gratifications theory.

The establishing shot of the loft explosion before the end title finalises the trailer as it tells the viewer the outcome and setting.


Eastenders- Return of Sam Mitchell





The clip starts with an extreme close up shot on eyes with heavy makeup the heavy make up has connotations of a glamorous female which the story is based around. The animated logo for BBC 1 then comes up obviously displaying where you can watch the soap. The shot then fades black this signifies darkness and the fear of the unknown which links to the fact that Sam doesn't know how the characters will react to her return. There is then a flash back shot the flash back effect is highlighted with different lighting as the shots with Sam are coloured and bright connoting her bright and loud personality however, the flashbacks are not in full colour this therefore contrasts Sam with the rest of the characters displaying rivalry. The editing flicks from Sam and the flashbacks this is a good way of showing different types of showing different reactions and responses and also making it is to follow. The flashbacks show characters that will be affected by the return of Sam also they are short conversations of issues based around Sam.
These conversations would make the audience more active as they would try and piece together the stories about characters and Sam on the other hand, the trailer is still reasonably easy to follow and would appeal to the target audience of people from the demographic groupings C1 to E because they are the less intelligent lower paid members of the public who would be passive. The trailer hints at Sam being vibrant but the close up shots highlighting her facial expressions make her look revengeful this could could be seen as complying with the Hypodermic Needle theory as the audience gain hints that she is a bad character and could fit into Propp's reoccurring character of 'The Villain'.

There is diegetic speech from Sam counting up to 5 this increases tension. Also there is diegetic speech from the conversations in the flashbacks. However there is non diegetic music which is slow this could connote Sam's relaxed view on the return, also the music denotes a slow version of a pop song highlighting the youthful but sincere energy from Sam.

The costume used is very significant as Sam is in a bright revealing dress whereas the other characters are in casual clothing where the colour is not seen through the editing. Also in the shot with Peggy and Archy, Peggy is in white connoting innocence whereas Archy is in black connoting mystery and death. This is ironic however does not link directly to Sam. Sam's dress denotes short and revealing this connotes her sexuality and seductress ways this complies with the Male Gaze theory as she is seen to be a sexual object rather than a human, this theory could also be implied when one of the first shots of Sam is the extreme close up of her lips, lips have connotations of kissing and passion which make women look sexual and insignificant.

The last two shots are a mid shot of Sam ready to return then a closeup of her face where she looks angry and revengeful. The non diegetic music then stops and goes into the theme tune of Eastenders this catchy recognizable theme tune associates the trailer with Eastenders immediately. The animated name of soap, logo, and website finish the trailer on a red background the connotations of red are passion and danger however red denotes the BBC 1 colours.

Coronation Street- Siege week






The clip begins with the animated ITV1 logo in the corner displaying what channel the soap is on straight away.
The police uniform automatically makes the viewer realise something bad has happened as connotations to police uniform are crime and law breaking also the viewer would be able to relate to the police uniform as it is modern and seen in society often this complies with verisimilitude, verisimilitude makes the viewer believe the trailer more as it links to reality therefore making them more on edge as they feel it could happen to them. The mid shot also indicates fear and worry as their serious facial expressions can be seen to express these feelings. The dim lighting also connotes the worried, dangerous tone of the trailer, this lighting runs through the whole clip indicating things are getting worse before they get better. Which could be seen as part of Todorov's theory of equilibrium as stage 2 of the 'disruption of equilibrium' then goes into stage 3 of the 'recognition that there has been a disruption' this can be seen through the worried conversations of the characters in the jump cuts however the trailer is left on a cliff hanger as stages 3 and 4 of the equilibrium theory are not seen throughout so 'reinstatement of equilibrium is not reached' and the audience would want to watch the soap.

There are jump cuts throughout the trailer where the camera goes from scene to scene with a reoccurring scene of a man walking down a street, the camera is slowly panning up on the males dark clothing connoting danger and anger. The panning shot builds tension as it is slowly going into a reveal shot of the escaped man.

The non-diegetic music which fades in from the beginning starts slow and quiet then immediately after the girl says 'escaped' the music goes into a drum like beat which echoes heartbeats and connotes panic.

Typical signifiers used are the hoody which connotes mischief-making and threat also the blood on Tony's lip connotes murder and violence.
The short clips of different characters introduces them into the storyline and shows the large scale of panic in the street.
The clip finishes with the narrator speaking over the animated picture of the Coronation St logo and familiar background, the viewer can either listen to the narrator to find out when the soap is on or read on the screen at the end. The sponsor is also on the last shot.

The purpose of a soap opera trailer

Soap opera trailers give the audience the basic outline of a storyline and possible outcomes that could happen in under a minute. They should appeal to a large audience even to people who do not watch the soap.
The trailer often hints at the character the storyline is based around and has jumpcut shots of the suspects. The purpose of this is so that the viewers know the storyline will be easy to follow and this would attract them. I know that this kind of trailer would attract an audience who are passive because from research I have discovered that the hypodermic needle theory applies for a soaps target audience because they like simple editing and simple storylines with typical characters.

Wednesday 14 July 2010

Examples of Soap Trailers





Soap Trailer analysis- Hollyoaks 2009


The clip begins with a mid shot on Calvin sliding into shot where the non diegetic music begins. The music is a pop song which would appeal to a young audience also it has the lyrics ' dance dance dance till your dead' which is ironic as Calvin is dancing and ends up with blood over his shirt therefore the music foreshadows the later events. Wide shot panning displays confusion and chaos as everyone is bumping into eachother. Also the short clips of different characters tells the audiences that there are many possible suspects.


All of the females are in feminine pink dresses highlighting innocence however the dark red lipstick highlights there sexuality. Also Calvins white shirt makes the blood look extremely red making the events look even more dramatic and shocking. The white shirt could also connote innocence.

The lighting throughout the clip denotes dark connoting death and depression, also this colour highlights the hate within the room. The room looks smokey and the walls have blue strips for decoration, this gives off a chilling atmosphere.

Lastly the trailer ends with a low angle shot on Calvin with blood on his shirt. The low angle shot makes him look important and makes sure the audience are focusing on him as the storyline is based around him.













Trailer analysis- Eastenders Christmas 2009

The clip begins with the animated BBC logo over the establishing shot of the pub. This straight away tells the audience the channel for the soap. The establishing shot of the pub makes it clear it is christmas as there are lights up with decorations. Also this shot makes it clear that the pub plays a massive role in the storyline being advertised. The christmas theme is enhanced with the non diegetic music of the christmas carol 'We wish you a merry christmas' which is played in a highpitched chime-like tone. The carol should be festive and happy however the slow pace and high pitched twist on the original make it chilling and it creates a spooky mood.

The next shot is an over shoulder reaction shot where Stacey looks terrified and upset building tension as the audience do not know what has happened to her. There are two shots which are reveal shots making it clear that characters are revealing themselves and the audience are questioning what role they are going to play in the murder.

The fade to black transitions foreshadow the dark events which are going to happen and stick with the dark lighting and shadowy setting throughout the trailer. Also the shots are jump cuts of lots of different characters, this could be seen as a list of suspects.

The extra diegetic voice overs coming from the characters could be interpreted as thoughts from characters heads, this highlights the emotion of fear running through the characters.

Costume is modern and winter-like clothing. However Janine is in a red night dress connoting passion and danger.

The final shot is of Archy Mitchell in the pub. The shot is a low angle pan up which pans upto a mid shot of Archy, this shot signifys that he is the man who the storyline is based around giving him importance. Also the prop next to him is the symbol of the Queen Vic which is a head of the Queen Victoria, this is a obvious message telling the audience the storyline is based around the pub and foreshadows the murder weapon.

Tuesday 13 July 2010

Soap Operas Information video

This is a video that I created in a group to show the main conventions in soap operas, including stereotypes, camera angles and more.
The video is based on the research done previously on Soap Operas. We looked at key storylines for example the homosexual storyline, key characters like the 'chav' and 'pregnant teen' and some camera angles like the other the shoulder shot of taxi. We did this video to show our knowledge of soap operas and to also use as a source for creating our new soap opera.

Monday 12 July 2010

The History of Soap Operas and Key conventions

Soap operas have not always been on television they started in the US in the 1930s and were serialised dramas on the radio. The name Soap Opera came from newspapers as soaps were sponsored by household products like soap and washing powder. Now soap operas are extremely popular and have become more expanded globally. They now dominate peak-time mainstream
TV schedules.
For a long period of time UK soap operas only aired two nights a week. With the original crossroads being the exception as it started being produced 5 days a week in the 1960s but then got reduced.Most soaps started with less episodes showing a week then increased to more when they had developed a bigger fan base. For example Brookside began with two episodes a week in 1982 but increased to three in 1990. However, Coronation Street started a trend where they aired three times a week in 1989 this then increased to four in 1996. Both, Emmerdale and Eastenders followed this pattern, Eastenders in 1994 and Emmerdale in 1997. After Neighbours being imported it now airs five episodes a week, and they are shown at 1.45pm and repeated at 5.30pm. This obviously costs more money however would attract a wider audience as people have more opportunities to watch it, making the fan base larger.
Soap operas such as Eastenders, Coronation Street, Emmerdale and Hollyoaks also run a weekend omnibus, this gives a wider range of people the opportunity to watch the soap. For example people in the demographic groupings B and C1 are not necessarily targeted because their jobs genuinely lead to them being more busy however, at the weekend they might have the opportunity to catch up.

The first soap opera in the UK was The Archers' which was on Radio 4 in 1951.


Facts about soap operas:


They have a serial narrative told through a series of episodes
This type of narrative often leaves each episode on a cliff-hanger, leaving the viewers wanting more. These types of narratives keep the viewers interested and builds the fan base, because they always watch the next episode. The viewer would also talk to their friends about the storyline also which is part of the Uses and Gratifications theory by Denis McQuail.He states that one of the main audiences needs is social interaction, this can be identified in soaps as viewers can talk about soaps with each other.

They happen in real time
Most soaps happen in real time so they would celebrate Christmas around the same time as the viewer for instance. This creates verisimilitude that viewers can identify with and gives them a sense of belonging.

They focus on family struggles and conflicts
Soaps focus on story lines which viewers can identify with in everyday lives. For example, the majority of people can empathise with a character who has an argument with a family member because most viewers have witnessed this event in their life. This is also a part of the Uses and Gratifications theory as Personal Identity.

They are cheap to produce
Soaps are reasonably cheap to produce compared to films and other types of television programmes such as dramas. This is because they keep a steady flow of actors which are not paid extortionate amounts as they are only B list celebrities. Also they only use the same setting to film for example the pub, and houses. For the amount of times the set is used the money spent on it would be less significant as the payment is usually done and the set is used for years.

They are usually based around a neighbourhood
Basing soaps around a neighbourhood is a common convention, this is because it is easy to link the characters together and also the viewers will begin to recognize the settings, characters and social points making them feel part of the neighbourhood and giving them a sense of belonging which is a need defined in the Uses and Gratifications under personal identity.

They have typical social points
Conventional social points are the local pub (The Queen Vic- Eastenders) the laundrette, the park, the cafe and the restaurant.

They have a well-known theme tune
Example of the well known theme tune is Eastenders, everyone even those who do not watch it in the UK would recognize the theme tune to this soap. It is simple but very memorable this needs to be considered when creating a theme tune for our soap.









This is an example of the shots used in soap operas:








They use simple shots- usually two shots as they are easiest to present conversation





This is a two shot of two characters from Eastenders, these shots are used throughout soap operas as they are an easy shot to show conversation. Conversation is a key element in soap operas this produces verisimilitude as conversation is something everybody can relate to.








Also the over the shoulder shot is used in soaps as part as a shot reverse shot, this is used when two characters are having a conversation and the shot reverses to a shot over the shoulder of the person listening to the other person.


Typical characters featured in soaps:

A boss figure- usually a male
A Feisty female










A Jack-the-lad











A strong women who is actually has a kind heart

A gossiping old woman










An ethnic family











A Homosexual couple













Soaps around the world-

Not all soaps are open-ended for example Latin American soaps are not open-ended and they are called 'telenovela' and audiences often tune in to find out what happens in the end.
In America there is a sub-genre of supersoaps, these are soaps with wealthy scheming families, but the metanarrative is still the same. These soaps seek to attract a wider audience.

Narratives in soaps:

The meta-narrative - this is a narrative that has many plot lines relating to different characters in a soap.




Information gained from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap_opera
Information sheet from Mrs Manzi-Davies

Thursday 1 July 2010

Mind maps on Soap Operas

I mind mapped all I knew about Soaps, including typical characters, typical settings and target audiences.
Click here to see my mind map.

I also did a mind map on specific areas on Soap Operas that I know. For example characters, storylines and reoccuring storylines.
Click here to see my mind map.